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WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-28T10:44:25Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. he power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high, also they could help with lowering the conflict potential with farmers with showing them possibillities to save the peatlands and use them in a economical way. A possible conflict could be, that the identity and biodiversity can not be enhanced as compared to renaturated areas.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established and it is possible to apply for subsidies to fund the project.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process/management or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:GovernmentGermanyPeatlandsFreieing.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project.
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt. LfU. Available online at www.lfu.bayern.de.
* Botanische Staatssammlung München: Botanischer Informationsknoten Bayern. Steckbriefe zu den Gefäßpflanzen Bayerns. Available online at http://daten.bayernflora.de/de/info_pflanzen.php?taxnr=3101.
* Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. (2016): Vegetation. Available online at https://www.verein-dachauer-moos.de/landschaft/vegetation.html.
* Zech, Wolfgang; Schad, Peter; Hintermaier-Erhard, Gerd (2014): Böden der Welt. Ein Bildatlas. 2. Auflage. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum (SpringerLink Bücher)

Data used for maps and spatial analysis are given with the pictures

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-28T10:41:45Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high, also they could help with lowering the conflict potential with farmers with showing them possibillities to save the peatlands and use them in a economical way.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established and it is possible to apply for subsidies to fund the project.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process/management or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:GovernmentGermanyPeatlandsFreieing.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project.
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt. LfU. Available online at www.lfu.bayern.de.
* Botanische Staatssammlung München: Botanischer Informationsknoten Bayern. Steckbriefe zu den Gefäßpflanzen Bayerns. Available online at http://daten.bayernflora.de/de/info_pflanzen.php?taxnr=3101.
* Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. (2016): Vegetation. Available online at https://www.verein-dachauer-moos.de/landschaft/vegetation.html.
* Zech, Wolfgang; Schad, Peter; Hintermaier-Erhard, Gerd (2014): Böden der Welt. Ein Bildatlas. 2. Auflage. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum (SpringerLink Bücher)

Data used for maps and spatial analysis are given with the pictures

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-28T10:38:09Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
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| ||style="background:Lavender"|
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
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}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established and it is possible to apply for subsidies to fund the project.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process/management or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:GovernmentGermanyPeatlandsFreieing.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project.
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt. LfU. Available online at www.lfu.bayern.de.
* Botanische Staatssammlung München: Botanischer Informationsknoten Bayern. Steckbriefe zu den Gefäßpflanzen Bayerns. Available online at http://daten.bayernflora.de/de/info_pflanzen.php?taxnr=3101.
* Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. (2016): Vegetation. Available online at https://www.verein-dachauer-moos.de/landschaft/vegetation.html.
* Zech, Wolfgang; Schad, Peter; Hintermaier-Erhard, Gerd (2014): Böden der Welt. Ein Bildatlas. 2. Auflage. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum (SpringerLink Bücher)

Data used for maps and spatial analysis are given with the pictures

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T11:28:11Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* References */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
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= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
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}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established and it is possible to apply for subsidies to fund the project.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:GovernmentGermanyPeatlandsFreieing.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project.
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt. LfU. Available online at www.lfu.bayern.de.
* Botanische Staatssammlung München: Botanischer Informationsknoten Bayern. Steckbriefe zu den Gefäßpflanzen Bayerns. Available online at http://daten.bayernflora.de/de/info_pflanzen.php?taxnr=3101.
* Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. (2016): Vegetation. Available online at https://www.verein-dachauer-moos.de/landschaft/vegetation.html.
* Zech, Wolfgang; Schad, Peter; Hintermaier-Erhard, Gerd (2014): Böden der Welt. Ein Bildatlas. 2. Auflage. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum (SpringerLink Bücher)

Data used for maps and spatial analysis are given with the pictures

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T11:27:45Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* References */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
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| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
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= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
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}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established and it is possible to apply for subsidies to fund the project.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:GovernmentGermanyPeatlandsFreieing.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project.
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt. LfU. Available online at www.lfu.bayern.de.
Botanische Staatssammlung München: Botanischer Informationsknoten Bayern. Steckbriefe zu den Gefäßpflanzen Bayerns. Available online at http://daten.bayernflora.de/de/info_pflanzen.php?taxnr=3101.
Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. (2016): Vegetation. Available online at https://www.verein-dachauer-moos.de/landschaft/vegetation.html.
Zech, Wolfgang; Schad, Peter; Hintermaier-Erhard, Gerd (2014): Böden der Welt. Ein Bildatlas. 2. Auflage. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum (SpringerLink Bücher)

Data used for maps and spatial analysis are given with the pictures

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T11:13:51Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
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| ||style="background:Lavender"|
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
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}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established and it is possible to apply for subsidies to fund the project.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:GovernmentGermanyPeatlandsFreieing.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project.
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:GovernmentGermanyPeatlandsFreieing.JPG

2021-05-27T11:13:19Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project. Source: Own work Icons from the nounproject

== Summary ==
This graphic shows that german governmance gives all the governmental elements needed in the project.

Source: Own work
Icons from the nounproject

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T11:00:14Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established and it is possible to apply for subsidies to fund the project.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T10:52:51Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;
padding:0.1em; font-weight:bolder; -moz-border-radius:8px; ">
[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG|thumb|This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG

2021-05-27T10:51:48Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and conflicts or alliances between the main stakeholders.

Source:Own work

File:Coflict MainPeoplePeatland.JPG

2021-05-27T10:50:52Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and between the main stakeholders. Source:Own work

== Summary ==
This graphic shows the potential of conflicts and the level of power towards a project and between the main stakeholders.

Source:Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T10:32:28Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
'''Main stakeholder''' have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: '''The community''' has a big interest in the peatlands with a connection to all evaluation goals. Their needs are basic, like goods from the peatlands as well as recreation and identity feeling. The power of the community is not high, because they are not organized in any way, nevertheless the acceptance of the community is essentiell for projects to be successful; Conflicts could pop-up without acceptance. The objective of this group is to have all of their needs to be satisfied, with a higher acceptance of the project, unsatisfied needs will be less problematic.
'''The Dachauer Moos Verein''' is a group that renaturates, manages and maintance already renaturated areas in the Peatlands. They have a wide knowledge about the area, how to renaturate and monitore areas, as well as a level of acceptance by the people. Their power is limited to their own areas. An objective of this group is to extend the areas of the group to help nature and renaturate the peatlands. To do so, they need funding and partly more cooperation. They are possibly interested in all values.
'''The Institute for ecology and landscape of the university of applied science weihenstephan-triesdorf''' has some scientific projects stated in peatlands. They could be interested in having access to new study areas and have a lot of knowledge in establish sustainable agriculture which is better for the climate than traditional landuse. The power of this group is relatively low and the interest is just correlating with the carbon storage value, nevertheless the interest in this value is overproportional high.
'''Farmers''' in the area have a lot of power, because of the ownership of the areas. The farmland is the base for their existance, so they need to have enough income from their work. This group has a great potential but also a high risk of conflicts, which means the acceptance for the project is one of the most important ones.
'''Interested stakeholders''' have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of '''other stakeholder''' shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T10:10:48Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?
Main stakeholder have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: The community
The Dachauer Moos Verein
The Institute for ecology and landscape
Farmers in the area
Interested stakeholders have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of other stakeholder shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas.Afterwards, the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. At the beginning of each measure baseline data will be taken, for comparing the beginning state and the end state of the area. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are monitored and maintained to be permanent in the future. Also, a sucess control and evaluation will take place at the finalization of each measure.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T10:02:32Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?
Main stakeholder have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: The community
The Dachauer Moos Verein
The Institute for ecology and landscape
Farmers in the area
Interested stakeholders have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of other stakeholder shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas. Then the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are maintained to be permanent in the future.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:Process with TIME-Peat.JPG

2021-05-27T10:01:37Z

Marie-luise.dexl: his Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time. Source: Icons from the nounproject Own work

== Summary ==
his Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.

Source: Icons from the nounproject Own work

File:Process with TimePeatlands.JPG

2021-05-27T09:53:17Z

Marie-luise.dexl: Marie-luise.dexl uploaded a new version of File:Process with TimePeatlands.JPG

== Summary ==
This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.

Source: Icons from the nounproject
Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-27T09:25:19Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?
Main stakeholder have an direct interest in the peatlands around Dachau and Freising. They are connected and partly dependent on this area, e.g. the farmers whose fields are stated there. In this group, 4 groups could be identified: The community
The Dachauer Moos Verein
The Institute for ecology and landscape
Farmers in the area
Interested stakeholders have an interest in a landuse change in the peatlands, but not directly, like schools who could use this area for educational use.
The group of other stakeholder shows groups which are connected to the peatlands but not interested in a landuse change, e.g. church groups which care for nature.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas. Then the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are maintained to be permanent in the future.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TimePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-26T17:04:06Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
The '''further process''' is explained in the following diagramm. In the ''preparation process'', the main stakeholders should be involved and gained as partners, suitable areas should be found and tested for spacial (right place?) and environmental (right environment?) as well as economical (affordable?) suitability. Then these areas should be accessed by getting supervision of the areas. Then the ''measure process''starts, where exact planning and execution are taking place. The last process, the ''fulfilled vision'', management should take place, where areas are maintained to be permanent in the future.
The '''governmence model''' which is required is already established in germany. A lot of guiding principles of the government in the nature conservation, identity enhance and carbon storage are supportative for our vision. Existant laws e.g. for protecting nature are already established.
'''Needed ressources''' are suitable and available areas for the measures, know-how to plan in detail and complete the vision, as well as ressources to manage the restored areas to grant a permanence and quality of the fullfilled vision. Another very important ressource is money, which could be raised by funds or the government.
In the implementing process, we decided to introduce the main stakeholders as partners. They could have the highest interest in our vision for the peatland areas. It is possible, they will give advise, help in the process or help with the funding. Acceptance of the community very important and could be enhanced by forming a partnership.
'''Community''': The community could help with the planting of trees and the funding of the whole project. Local people have often good connection with farmers and know suitable and available areas.
'''Dachauer Moos Verein''': This club could be interested in expanding its areas and could fill the gap of technical know-how, management ressources and partly the funding.
'''Institute for ecology and landscape''': This institute of the University of applied science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf is working with the implementation of agriculture that is sustainable and saves the carbon storage in the peat. The scientists can help with technical know-how and could also expand their scientific work to this area.
'''Farmers''': The farmers are extential partners for the project. Most of them are the owners of the area and are should involved in the planning, the construction and the management process. The acceptance is essentiell as well.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TimePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-26T16:35:02Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;
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[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:Process with TimePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:Process with TimePeatlands.JPG

2021-05-26T16:34:17Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time. Source: Icons from the nounproject Own work

== Summary ==
This Diagramm shows the process parts, what is happening in which step and at which pint of time.

Source: Icons from the nounproject
Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-26T16:30:50Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:MainStakeholderinThePeatlands.JPG

2021-05-26T16:29:59Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown. Source: Own work

== Summary ==
This Diagramm shows in which values which main stakeholder could have an interest. There are also possible conflicts with stakeholders shown.

Source: Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-26T16:26:25Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-26T16:26:12Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;
padding:0.1em; font-weight:bolder; -moz-border-radius:8px; ">
[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
[[File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG|thumb|This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.]]
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG

2021-05-26T16:26:10Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
This Diagramm shows some Stakeholders. Main stakeholders are groups that can have the main interest and other stakeholders the least, interested stakeholders are interested but not as much asa the main stakeholders.

Source: Own work

File:StakeholderDiaFreisingPeats.JPG

2021-05-26T16:24:05Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This Diagramm shows some possible Stakeholder for the Peatlands around Freising and Dachau. Source: Own work

== Summary ==
This Diagramm shows some possible Stakeholder for the Peatlands around Freising and Dachau.

Source: Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-26T11:34:46Z

Marie-luise.dexl:

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;
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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Freising (Dachau)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_your community map1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =

'''(1)IDENTITY VALUE'''
As there is a strong historical associate with this landscape with the communities that live in and around our focus area: the need of acknowledging this historical association that is slowly being eroded away as the peatlands are subjected to further fragmentation and the eventual destruction of their existence, it is paramount that initiatives are made to reconnect the community with this landscape in a way where the community can have '''access''' to the rich cultural ecosystem services that this landscape provides.

Therefore a primary development goal of the Identity Value is to create an opportunity for the surrounding communities to reconnect with peatlands that are not only focused on the provisioning, supporting and regulating services that they provide.

'''(2)BIODIVERSITY VALUE'''
As this landscape is an important and vital habitat for many flora and fauna species, it is important to acknowledge this and further develop an '''ecological network''' where species can be supported and allowed to flourish.

'''(3)CARBON STORAGE VALUE'''
This goal and value is essentially connected to the crux of the matter; that '''protecting''' peatlands is in the best interests of all stakeholder groups - therefore a solution must be reached. By bringing awareness to the communities that surround this landscape, through providing direct access into the peatlands for the wider community (eg. the Identity Value and reestablishing this strong historical association with Peatlands), a new ''' collective vision''' can be reached where all stakeholders can still benefit from the landscape, including the peatlands themself.

Henceforth, developing '''multifunctional spatial strategies''' is the most effective and efficient solution in this regard; green ecological networks, naturalized areas primarily zoned for nature to thrive, agricultural activities like paludiculture and potentials for ecological compensation techniques can be envisioned.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">

File:Sustainability goals.jpg|thumb|The Sustainability Development Goals that are relevant to our project site: '''Goals 12, 13, 14,15'''
File:Development goals and values.jpg|thumb|The values and development goals for our project site are centred around these 3 core values of the Peatland-scape

</gallery>

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T18:19:28Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Visual appearance and landscape narrative */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dachau''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'. Agricultural areas are also an important elemnt that shaped and still shapes the landscape. The rural sides were also painted by painters and are today visited by the normal population. But the ways of agricultural use changed and more areas are intensified, changing the special character of the landscape and turning it into a homogenic and generic landscape, which is often found in germany.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_your community map1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings from your analysis''
*''Ideally, involve the community of your living labs into this process
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T18:15:53Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Visual appearance and landscape narrative */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;
padding:0.1em; font-weight:bolder; -moz-border-radius:8px; ">
[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Bavaria''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dachau''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Peatland restoration''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marie-Luise Dexl and Luke Miller ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. Often its wildness is stressed, so one essential element, still today, are the natural areas. But nowadays, historical elements shape the landscape as well, like the 'Schleißheimer canalsystem' or the 'Neues Schloss Schleißheim'.
It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_your community map1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings from your analysis''
*''Ideally, involve the community of your living labs into this process
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T17:14:17Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;
padding:0.1em; font-weight:bolder; -moz-border-radius:8px; ">
[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main topics of your living lab''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.
File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==
*''Which elements are essential for the landscape character?''
*''Has the landscape been painted or otherwise depicted, when and whom? Which elements are essential?''
*''Which narratives exist? Who has written about this landscape or depicted it in some way?''
*''You can add text and images''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_your community map1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings from your analysis''
*''Ideally, involve the community of your living labs into this process
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:ActualPeatlandFreising.jpg

2021-05-24T17:13:37Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil. Source:'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de'. Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus D...

== Summary ==
This map shows the extensions of the recent peatlandsoil.

Source:'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de'.
Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL
Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community
Own work

File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg

2021-05-24T17:12:43Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport.

Source:'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de'.
Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL
Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community
Own work

File:HistoricalPeatlandFreising.jpg

2021-05-24T17:11:38Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This map shows the extensions of the historical peatland before the construction of the munich airport. Source:'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de'. Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL Esri, DigitalGlobe...

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T16:53:58Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main topics of your living lab''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==
The area is mostly influenced by its agricultural use (draining of peatland area), as well as settlements and the munich airport, as seen in the map. The initial peatland area was reduced and fragmented by these land-use change processes,this is still going on. It is possible to say, the the use-patterns which evolved are mostly agriculture and settling.
The remaining part is important for waterextraction and other ecosystem services, as explained before, so the use-patterns can be called extracting of goods for human health. Here, other evolved use-patterns, in connection to the identity of the landscape is the recreation and experiencing the landscape.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:yourcase_water_space1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:yourcase_water_space2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==
*''Which elements are essential for the landscape character?''
*''Has the landscape been painted or otherwise depicted, when and whom? Which elements are essential?''
*''Which narratives exist? Who has written about this landscape or depicted it in some way?''
*''You can add text and images''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_your community map1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings from your analysis''
*''Ideally, involve the community of your living labs into this process
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:PeatlandOLDNEWFreising.jpg

2021-05-24T16:41:34Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area. Sources: 'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de'. Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL Esri, Dig...

== Summary ==
This map shows the overlay of old and new peatland area with the outlines of settlement and the airport area.

Sources: 'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de'.
Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL
Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community
Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T16:21:54Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Blue and Green Infrastructure */

'''>>>back to [[WAVE_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2021|working groups overview]]'''

'''>>>[[Wiki_tutorial|basic editing tutorial]]

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
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[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main topics of your living lab''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
Peatlands in general are an important living space for humans and nature. Also the peatlands near Freising have a high importance for the population in a cultural and an ecological sense, which means it is delivering important ecosystem services. A possible challenge, this landscape is facing is the land-use change which happened in the past and is still happening.

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map:
|polygons=48.396718237477586,11.740345427863405:48.39124700698085,11.690906951300905:48.37665418264678,11.63734860169153:48.35110667222946,11.597523162238405:48.325546347052295,11.539844939582155:48.26798875452063,11.394276091925905:48.25244622270282,11.397022673957155:48.235069565374964,11.438221404425905:48.232325343000284,11.495899627082155:48.241472178563484,11.581043670050905:48.23872829959941,11.63460201966028:48.21585691794513,11.68678707825403:48.20029854001143,11.74721188294153:48.20762071839843,11.78291744934778:48.2167719694561,11.811756560675905:48.24695949497335,11.81587643372278:48.284440402400875,11.819996306769655:48.3036272963829,11.83510250794153:48.32372011914352,11.86806149231653:48.3456305385308,11.88179440247278:48.37026850635261,11.866688201300905:48.397630052028696,11.833729216925905:48.40401229630793,11.773304412238405~Peatland
}}

= Water as a natural system =
== Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas ==
Besides precipitation as an obvious source of water in the Isar river basin, the water system has numerous vital sources: Perhaps the most significant water source is the substantial ground water table which flows from the south to the north.

In addition, the water system is supplied by Glacier & Snowmelt which melts after the winter snow fall periods and feeds the Isar River and other water bodies in the system, during the spring season. This dramatically increases the water table.

Historically, the landscape around Freising, Munich and Dachau have traces of non-functioning canal systems. However there are still canal networks that are flowing and in use. Although some of these canals have degraded and no longer perform their initial functions of directing and channelling water, they have a high cultural and heritage value to the landscape.

Furthermore, the region is scattered with lakes, dams and gravel excavation pits that have been converted into recreational swimming lakes (Pullinger Lake near Freising). Additionally, the Ismaninger Speichersee is situated close to the city of Dachau, while the south of the region is scattered with beautiful mountain lakes (Tegernsee, Walchensee and Starnbergersee).

The landscape in this region supports an incredibly important biotope landscape: the Peatlands found in this region not only provide specific habitats to a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, but also are regarded as a powerful alley in the fight against climate change for the function as a substantial storage of greenhouse gases.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Wider water system.jpg|thumb| The wider Water System in the Isar River Basin - showing the course of the Isar River, and significant cities and towns where the Isar flows through. The map also shows established floodplains and the position of extreme flood hazard areas.
File:FLOOD TIMELINEjpg.jpg|thumb|A timeline of the 3 most recent and significant flood events in the Isar River system
File:Isar River Sylvensteinspeicher.jpg|thumb|In this image of the Isar river, the Alps can be seen in the background near Sylvensteinspeicher.
</gallery>

== Water as a living space ==

In former times, the peatlands have been a '''habitat for special plant and animal species''', like birds, insects, or amphibians. Nowadays it is cut by settlements, roads, and the Munich Airport, some parts are used for agriculture. Just patches of natural habitats have survived, like the ‘''Streu- und Feuchtwiesen''’ or the ‘''lichten Moorwälder''’ in the areas of the Verein Dachauer Moos e.V. Here, highly protected plant species, like ''Iris sibirica'' (lily) or ''Scorpidium'' (moss) can be found, which makes these habitats really special. Even in ditches and streams special Flora and Fauna can be found. Some of these areas part of the NATURA2000 Programme and therefore protected by European law. Furthermore, a lot of lakes and rivers can be found here, some with special flora and fauna as well.

The water quality of this area is depending on the quality of the groundwater. Some areas are drinking water areas with sufficient water quality to use it for human consumption. In other parts, intensive agricultural or urban land-use is lowering the water quality.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LivingSpacesInThePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|National and International Protected Zones
File:Lichter Moorwald.jpeg|thumb|'Lichter Moorwald' in the peatlands around freising
File:Streu und FeuchtwieseFreising.jpeg|thumb|Meadow in the peatlands around Freising
</gallery>

== Blue and Green Infrastructure ==
The map clearly shows a very fragmented green infrastructure, for example just small forest patches exist in the area. Special forest types can evolve on peatland as well, like 'lichter Moorwald', mostly formed by birches. A mayor element found is agricultural used land, which evokes a conflict with peatland soils (draining of peatland etc.). The blue infrastructure is good connected, with the Isar river and the 'Ismaninger Speichersee' as main elements. It is very likely, that green and blue infrastructure will change and espacially green infrastructure vanish in the future, because of the settlement pressure from the surrounding regions.
<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Here, green (Forests, Natural Areas, Agricultural used Areas) and blue (Waterbodies and -ways) infrastructure is shown in the Peatlands, as well as the peatland soils
File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg|thumb|This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.
</gallery>

= Water as a cultural space =
== Land use and water==
In an early stage, especially the Dachauer Moos, was a waste Landscape, home of murderers and thieves, who got no where else to go.

Later, more and more people came to the peatlands to cultivate them and use it for peat extraction (e.g. used as heat material) and agriculture. Therefore, the peatland was drained, which also changed the soil characteristics, leading to Greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
In this time more and more painters came to the peatlands, to paint the beautiful landscape. Meanwhile, the urbanization of the landscape was intensified.

Today, this landscape is highly urbanized and in agricultural use with small patches of natural areas.

It is very likely that the human use of the landscape is intensified, because of driving forces like the need of living space or agricultural land for humans. Drivers in the opposite direction are the identification with the peatlands as a ‘Home landscape’ and need of the population for recreation.

Draining the landsdcape, and therefore intensifiing the land-use has an impact on the storage of carbon in the peatland soil. When draining peat, the carbon is released in a form of greenhouse gas emissions and is distributing significantly to climate change.
The process is explained here in a simple way: While the upbuilding of the peatlands, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. In this process, the plants store the CO2 as organic matter and die. Due to the high water table, this organic material is decomposed slower than its build up and can be stored. If the proportion of organic substance exceeds 30%, it is called peat. If this peat is drained, the organic matter is decomposed faster than it is build up and the carbon is released as greenhouse gases, e.g., CO2.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Landuse.jpg|thumb|Landuses found in the Peatlands
File:AgriculturalUsePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|Agricultural used field in the Peatlands around Freising
File:PeatlandsDiagrammPeat.jpg|thumb|Diagramm about the functioning of peat in Peatlands
</gallery>

== Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas ==

The peatlands and especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' were and are important recreation areas near munich. Here the people can flee from the overall urban cities into a more or less still waste and natural landscape. This is very important for most of the people living in big cities.
This use for recreation was especially aprreciated by famous painters in the past. They came there to paint the beautiful and idyllic landscape. It is possible to say, that the peatlands amazed people back then as well as today. This gives them an important role for the identification of the people with their landscape and therefore with their home. Its an important landmark and area of recreation of the surrounding population.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:PersonInThePeatlandsFreising.jpeg|thumb|This pictures shows the connection of the participants of the wave project to the peatlands
File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg|thumb|Especially the ''Dachauer Moos'' was a famous place for painters and is topic of a lot paintings'
File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg|thumb|This painting from Fritz von Uhde shows a person (a shepherdess) which had a strong connection to the peatlands
</gallery>

== Sacred spaces and heritage ==
Most places, which are important in a cultural way have been build with a religious purpose, for example Churches or chapels. The importance arised in the past, where religion was very important for the people. Other important places like the water tower or certain castles are important as a landmark or their history, which is connected with the there living people.
Especially important is the Canalsystem of the ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' as well as the castle itself. Both are important landmarks with a lot of history. Aditionally, both monuments are very famous and protected after national law.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:CulturalHeritagePeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Cultural Areas found in the peatlands that are important in a religious way or as a landmark
File:Unterschleissheim-germany.jpg|thumb|The ''Neues Schloss Schleißheim'' has an important role for the people living there
File:Nordmünchner Kanalsystem.png|thumb|The "Schleißheimer Kanalsystem" is a very famous canalsystem
</gallery>

== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ==
*''Which elements are essential for the landscape character?''
*''Has the landscape been painted or otherwise depicted, when and whom? Which elements are essential?''
*''Which narratives exist? Who has written about this landscape or depicted it in some way?''
*''You can add text and images''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:your case_character1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_character2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_character3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Water and People =

== Accessibility and usability ==
It is possible to enter the landscape everywhere, it is accessible by roads and paths for cars, bikes and by foot. Most of the areas are used by farmers to produce agricultural products, some are also keeping animals like cows or horses. The more natural areas are used by the surrounding population for recreation by taking walks, walking your dog or swimming in lakes. Some people are protecting and renaturing areas, they use it as a identification with their living spaces.
There are different uses of the peatland around freising. The natural areas have a recreational potential for walking or relaxing, taking a break from the urban spaces for the surounding population. Cycling and riding tracks as well as the water areas can be used for sportive activities and the monuments show a potential for a touristic even educational use. These monuments can also be used to enhance the identical connection of landscape and people, like the whole peatland area.

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreisingbyfoot.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising without car
File:AccesstoPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|Access to Peatlands Freising with a car
File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg|thumb|This map shows the special use patterns of the peatland around freising
</gallery>

== Community Mapping ==
What is to be mapped here?
*'''Social groups''' from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
* '''Local stakeholder groups''': these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
*'''External stakeholder groups''' are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
* For each group, you may identify their '''needs, objectives, power and capacities'''
* You may also identify gaps and '''power conflicts'''
* Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_your community map1.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map2.jpg|''add a caption''
File:your case_your community map3.jpg|''add a caption''
</gallery>

= Possible Futures =
In our systems analysis of the Peatlandscape we have identified 4 main Sustainability goals that are at risk: (12)Responsible Consumption and Production - as agriculture is in sharp contrast with these peatlands, it is paramount that sustainable agricultural methods be used in harmony with peatlands (13)As Peatlands are indispensable against the fight against climate change, as an essential carbon store habitat and they have been drained in many parts of our focus area (14)Peatlands are comprised of important habitats for aquatic species that are jeopardized when peatlands are destroyed (15)A peatland is a landscape that encompasses the realms of both water and landscapes and is there an important landscape to protect

'''The worst-case scenario: Neglected and Urbanized''' describes a landscape that has been entirely exploited where peatlands no longer exist. The concrete cubes represent the urban landscape that continues unabated, further fragmenting and utilizing the landuse. The maize crops represent conventional agricultural practices where peatlands are drained for the use of conventional agriculture.

'''The best-case scenario Protected and Naturalised''' is a landscape where humans farm in harmony with peatlands, where science is used to continue the careful monitoring of peatlands and the ultimate protection of their existence - by maintaining the water table within the landscape

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:DPSIR Framework.jpg|thumb|DPSIR Framework: The DPSIR system Analysis shows the main drivers, pressures, states and impacts that are relevant to the Peatlands
File:Scenario brainstorming.jpg|thumb|In this graphic we utilized the Narrative scenario template to brainstorm key points that we wanted to expressive in the graphics of the visualizations
File:Scenario- alternative futures.jpg|thumb|This graphic shows the possible alternative futures of peatlands in an artistic exploration - where extreme cases of Naturalized to Urbanized landscapes and protected to neglected landscapes are explored in the context of peatlands.
</gallery>

= Collaborative Goal Setting =
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings from your analysis''
*''Ideally, involve the community of your living labs into this process
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

= Spatial Strategy and Transect =
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

= From Theory of Change to Implementation =
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for your case''

= Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What did you learn in the Living Labs?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:WAVE Case Study 2021]]
[[Category:WAVE Case Study]]

File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreisingFragmentation.jpg

2021-05-24T16:19:18Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car. Source:'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de' Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL Own work

== Summary ==
This map shows the fragmentation of the green and blue infrastructure by roads, that are used by car.

Source:'Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de'
Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL
Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T15:54:05Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Blue and Green Infrastructure */

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T15:52:49Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Blue and Green Infrastructure */

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-24T15:52:37Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Blue and Green Infrastructure */

File:GreenAndBluePeatlandsFreising.jpg

2021-05-24T15:42:07Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This map shows the green and blue infrastructure of the area, aditionally it shows the parts with peatland soils. Green infrastructure are forests, natural areas and agricultural used areas. Blue structure are all waterbodies and waterways. Source:Dat...

== Summary ==
This map shows the green and blue infrastructure of the area, aditionally it shows the parts with peatland soils. Green infrastructure are forests, natural areas and agricultural used areas. Blue structure are all waterbodies and waterways.

Source:Datenquelle: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de
Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL
Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-20T17:12:13Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Community Mapping */

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-20T16:46:29Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Accessibility and usability */

File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg

2021-05-20T16:37:23Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Summary */

== Summary ==
This Map shows the Use patterns found in the peatlands in freising.

Source: Own work
Daten von OpenStreetMap - Veröffentlicht unter ODbL
Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, www.lfu.bayern.de

File:UsePatternsPeatlandsFreising.jpg

2021-05-20T16:34:01Z

Marie-luise.dexl: This Map shows the Use patterns found in the peatlands in freising. Source: Own work

== Summary ==
This Map shows the Use patterns found in the peatlands in freising.

Source: Own work

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-20T16:13:00Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas */

File:Fritz von Uhde - Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos).jpg

2021-05-20T16:10:12Z

Marie-luise.dexl: Fritz von Uhde: Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos) 1890

== Summary ==
Fritz von Uhde: Im Herbst (Die Hirtin im Dachauer Moos) 1890

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-20T16:07:06Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas */

File:Dachauer Moos Philipp Röth.jpg

2021-05-20T15:57:39Z

Marie-luise.dexl: Hochsommer im Dachauer Moos, Gemälde von Philipp Röth (1841-1921), 1895

== Summary ==
Hochsommer im Dachauer Moos, Gemälde von Philipp Röth (1841-1921), 1895

WAVE Team 2 Freising 2021

2021-05-20T15:53:24Z

Marie-luise.dexl: /* Water and People */