Baia Wave Living Lab 2021

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Area	Baia
Place	Bacoli
Country	Italy
Topics	Volcanic, rural and archeological
Author(s)	M. Errico, F. De Falco, G. Gagliardi, and L. Ossuto

Rationale

• The marine waters with their temperatures, the environment of flora and fauna, have characteristics that in part also depend on the volcanic nature of our places
• The volcanic nature of the Phlegraean Fields means that the sea water, after the descent and ascent into the subsoil, emerges warm and enriched with chemical and mineralogical components that give it the well-known healing properties.
• The main challenge of this area is to overcome the phenomenon of marginalization, which mainly affects inland areas, due to the scarcity of infrastructures and services. By encouraging this development, it is possible to enhance the points of interest and improve the quality of life of the residents.

Location and scope

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Water as a natural system

Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas

• Our area is in the territory of the Phlegraean fields, the area is a large caldera in a quiescent state, with a diameter of 12-15 km. In this circuit there are numerous craters and small volcanic elements, some of which present effusive gaseous manifestations (area of ​​the Solfatara) or hydrothermal. Another phenomenon is the bradyseism, in fact important deposits of volcanic origin are visible throughout the area such as the Campanian Gray Tufo or the Tufo Yellow. Also, in the area there are lakes of volcanic origin and coastal lakes originated by barrage.
• The area of the Phlegraean fields has always been subject to "flash floods", which plaguing the territory with torrential rains, the cause of which is Monte Pomeo, located on a small island near the area, Ischia. The phenomenon is due to atmospheric perturbations from the Tyrrhenian Sea that reach Pozzuoli from Ischia. Monte Pomeo causes a sudden rise in the humid sea air, condensing the water vapor which becomes rain and spills violently in the Phlegraean area.
• Over the centuries, bradyseism has caused much of the ancient evidence to collapse, almost to link even more the Phlegraean Fields and water, its generator element. A few meters below sea level, along the shores of lakes Lucrino, Averno, Miseno and Fusaro, the remains of imposing walls emerge, and where before the rich Romans were the lords, the octopuses and moray eels are now the rulers.
• Baia, and in general the Phlegraean fields, are unthinkable without "water". Water wrote the history of Baia. Water is multifaceted: it is landscape, it is history, it is archeology, it is economy, it is culture!

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  Water areas: sea and lakes

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  Diagram of "flash foods" in the area

• Yourcase watersystem3.jpg

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Water as a living space

• To analyze the habitat in our water area we analyze the area of ​​the submerged park of Baia, where most of the marine organisms proliferate and find shelter. It is made up of the submerged archaeological structures. These ones, in fact, emerge from a sandy bottom at times colonized by seagrass meadows, such as Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica. As it's known, marine phanerogams, and in particular Posidonia oceanica, represent a fundamental habitat for the Mediterranean, being considered “nursery” areas for many forms of life. Among the ravines of walls and colonnades there is a great variety of organisms of a "rocky" environment such as octopuses, small crustaceans and rock fish including serranids, wrasses and blennids that wander undisturbed among the remains of buildings and submerged roads. They are ideal adhesion surfaces for more sedentary organisms, such as algae, sponges, anemones, sea urchins and starfish.
• The quality of the water in the Baia area is classified as 3 - excellent quality. In particular for the part where it is possible to swim like the castle of Baia's beach. Instead, talking about the "Stufe di Nerone", in the northern part of Baia, its waters are chemically classified as salso-bromine-iodine, containing fluorine and strontium which arise at a temperature of about 74 °, and therefore with therapeutic properties. Besides having an invigorating and anti-inflammatory character, they give particular benefit to all forms of arthrosis, rheumatism, respiratory tract diseases, stomatitis, vaginitis, juvenile acne and, in particular, fight female infertility.
• On the side of the coast of Baia there are the submerged remains of the commercial ports of Baia (Lacus Baianus) and the Portus Julius. On the south of the area there was the port of Capo Miseno, the historical seat of the Roman imperial fleet. The extraordinary value of these sites is given both by the remarkable state of conservation of the archaeological remains and by their objective historical archaeological value. Mosaics, traces of frescoes, sculptures, road layouts and columns are submerged about 5 meters below sea level among starfish anemones and schools of damselfish. Instead, talking about the "Stufe di Nerone", there we have artificial baths, in fact a piece of exedra in cement work is still visible today, with remains of plaster.

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  Submerged Baia

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  Baia beach

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  "Stufe di Nerone"

Blue and Green Infrastructure

• What are the major potential elements of a green/blue infrastructure network? Are these likely to change/disappear? Why is that?
• You find my background material on green infrastructure in our reading list
• add 1-2 graphical representations to the image gallery, you can add more if you like

• Your case green blue infrastructure1.jpg

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Water as a cultural space

Land use and water

• Since the end of the Republican age, Baia has been one of the most fashionable holiday resorts for Roman aristocrats. Rich villas were built here, of which numerous vestiges remain; however, part of the archaeological complex remains below sea level, which collapsed due to bradyseismic phenomena. This resource still has value today: as it can be seen from the cartography shown, in fact, the coast has been equipped with infrastructures and residential buildings since the 1930s. Then this trend spread to the hinterland, a prevalent agricultural use, especially with the building speculations of the 1970s. Today the urban morphology of our area appears quite chaotic and does not follow any regular path.
• Therefore, the coast goes from being a holiday resort for the Romans to a holiday place for us still today. In addition, technological development has determined the infrastructural development resulting in a progressive increase in the extension of the tourist company. In particular, tourism pours on the one hand on the archaeological aspect but also on the naval and ichthyic aspect due to the presence of one of the ports with the greatest connection to the islands of Ischia and Procida. The project that includes the completion and redevelopment of the Baia station and the recovery of the old route of the Cumana Railway is certainly important with the creation of a small linear urban park that connects the new station with the center through a mechanized path in the green. Urban interventions that allow us to foresee a future development of ever greater flows.

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  Via Molo di Baia, Bacoli

• Yourcase landuse3.jpg

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Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas

• Which spatial patterns have evolved in relation to your water areas?
• What is the role of water areas within the overall urban morphology? (approx 200 signs)
• add 1-2 graphical representations to the image gallery, you can add more if you like

• Yourcase water space1.jpg

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Sacred spaces and heritage

• Which places/elements hold cultural value and to whom?
• You may add a map and some images, please also explain in your caption why these elements are valuable

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Visual appearance and landscape narrative

• Which elements are essential for the landscape character?
• Has the landscape been painted or otherwise depicted, when and whom? Which elements are essential?
• Which narratives exist? Who has written about this landscape or depicted it in some way?
• You can add text and images

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Water and People

Accessibility and usability

• Where are your water areas accessible, and where not? How strong are spatial obstacles preventing access?
• Who is using the spaces and how?

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• Yourcase usepatterns.jpg

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Community Mapping

What is to be mapped here?

• Social groups from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
• Local stakeholder groups: these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
• External stakeholder groups are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
• For each group, you may identify their needs, objectives, power and capacities
• You may also identify gaps and power conflicts
• Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?

• Your case your community map1.jpg

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Possible Futures

• You can summarize your findings with a SWOT diagram and a DPSI(R) Model
• Link back to the Sustainable Development Goals: Which goals are at risk?
• What is your worst case scenario for this landscape?
• What is your best case scenario for this landscape?
• Present your scenarios in the form of a collage or sketch
• Add text and visuals

• Your case your spider diagram or dpsir model.jpg

  explain your analysis briefly in the caption

• Your case yourworstcase visual.jpg

  explain your worst case scenario briefly in the caption

• Your case yourbestcase visual.jpg

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Collaborative Goal Setting

• Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings from your analysis
• Ideally, involve the community of your living labs into this process
• Link back to your original targets from section one and the Development Goals
• 150 words text contribution

Spatial Strategy and Transect

• translate your strategic goals into a vision
• develop a spatial translation of your vision
• exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions
• add map(s) and visualizations

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From Theory of Change to Implementation

• For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?
• Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline
• Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?
• add 150 words text and visuals

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References

• give a full list of the references you have used for your case

Process Reflection

• Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study
• Which limitations were you facing?
• What have you learnt from each other?
• What did you learn in the Living Labs?
• What would you do differently next time?
• You can also use diagrams/visuals
• 250 words text

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