Miseno Lake WAVE Living Lab 2022
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| Area | Miseno Lake | |
| Place | Bacoli, Naples | |
| Country | Italy | |
| Topics | regeneration of river and coastal areas, landscape regeneration and soil study, especially phenomena related to vulcanism | |
| Author(s) | Umberto Criscuolo, Adriana Napolitano, Vishnu Vardhan Perla, Ajit Sharma | |
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Rationale
- Why do you think this case is relevant? What is your hypothesis considering the landscape challenges?
- Format: 3-4 sentences
Location and scope
You can edit this map with the map editor
Water as a natural system
Geomorphology, typologies and dynamics of water areas
- Located in the southern part of the Phlegrean Fields, Miseno Lake takes place in the city of Bacoli, which is 25,5 km away from Naples. This place builds up its relationship with the sea through two main water basins, together creating a deep inlet.
Existing water bodies in the area of Phlegrean Fields:
1. Miseno Lake (40 hectares wide, 2.800 meters perimeter, 2,25-4 meters deep)
2. Fusaro Lake (0.97 km²)
3. Lucrino Lake (0,095 km²)
4. Avernus Lake (0,55 km², 35 meters deep)
Miseno lake is also called Mare Morto (Dead Sea) because it was an ancient volcanic crater, then filled with sea waters. The backdrop mainly consists of volcanic rock debris, but now it is covered by layers of muddy sediment anoxic and rich in nutrients that reach thicknesses of more than a metre along the north banksWest, North and East, in the current areas of slurry spillage and discharge.
- The lake is walkable along its edges through a boardwalk and people can also reach the seashore from the lake by walk. The waterfront is full of activities like parks, restaurants, coffee shops, pubs: in particular, there is a floating bar, similar to a boat, where it is possible to have aperitifs with friends.
Near this area, we have other lakes too, which were born in a very similiar way to this lake, because of the volcanic activities that had interested this lands until the last centuries.
- In this area there are no tributaries, but we have two estuaries: one channel coming from the sea into the lake (in the past this channel was used to communicate with the harbour); another one is located near the town of Miliscola and it is half buried due to erosion and coastal erosion (now closed to prevent possible contamination of bathing water facing the beach of Miliscola).
- As in the area of Bacoli many places are classified by Authority as Very High Hydraulic Risk (R4), we had some flood events: in 2017 there was a violent storm, fell over 100-120 mm on a large area that provoked a series of critical situations, with vast flooding in the flat parts and abundant flows on the sloping areas, locally comparable to the processes of flash flooding.
- In addition, the high urbanisation of areas exposed to such phenomena, contributes to increasing the levels of risk associated with them. The coastal zone of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic district is prone to a wide spectrum of natural hazards, including earthquakes, tsunamis, flash floods, ground deformation, landslides and coastal erosion. The area of Bacoli is affected by the phenomenon of bradyseism, a slow vertical movement of the soil in a large area. is a cyclical phenomenon that can be associated with seismic phenomena of discrete intensity.
Aerial view of Lake Miseno
Water bodies: the sea and the lakes ( Lake Miseno, Lake Fusaro, Lake Avernus and Lake Lucrino )
Miseno Beach
Water as a living space
- Which habitats can be found in and along the water areas of your area?
- How is the water quality in your water areas?
- Which areas are still natural, which are urbanized/artificial?
- Your case green blue infrastructure1.jpg
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- Your case green blue infrastructure2.jpg
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Blue and Green Infrastructure
- What are the major potential elements of a green/blue infrastructure network? Are these likely to change/disappear? Why is that? At the beginning of 2021, after 80 years, a former military area was reopened, now inaugurated as a cycle-pedestrian path on Lake Miseno, accessible directly from the classic cycle path. Never exploited due to a landfill, this public park includes a 500-meter walk in the nature in which there are previous military warehouses and offers the possibility of lengthening the route already planned. The result of a project to redevelop the Bacoli area, it is an idea certainly appreciated not only by citizens, but also by outdoor walks lovers.
- add 1-2 graphical representations to the image gallery, you can add more if you like
- Your case green blue infrastructure1.jpg
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- Your case green blue infrastructure2.jpg
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Water as a cultural space
Land use and water
- Near the fleet settlement enstablished by the Romans in the area of Bacoli, we have proofs there was the little city of Misenum, which by then was not just considered as a suburb of Cuma anymore. The Roman Emperor Augustus wanted Misenum to be a miltary settlement, where he could manage his business along with magistrates. Romans built several harbours, but they are also famous for their acqueducts: in this area they needed to gather waters coming from the Serino acqueduct, so they built a cistern, called Piscina Mirabilis. This masterpiece is one of the main exempla of this kind of construction in Italy and it is one of the biggest in a global scale (70 meters long, 25,50 meters wide and 15 meters high).
- The lake (which unfortunately suffers today from a strong eutrophication, due to pollution from sewage drains and the almost complete obstruction of the mouths) owes its name to the Homeric legend of the companion of Ulysses, made by Virgil a Trojan warrior following Aeneas , who would have lost his life here and would therefore have been buried at Capo Miseno, whose square shape recalls that of a gigantic sepulcher. Due to its natural characteristics, the lake was used as a shipyard thanks to the construction of a large canal (no longer visible today and equipped with a movable bridge in ancient times), which connected it with the external basin, in fact, the real port was the "Rada di Miseno", protected from the open sea by Punta Pennata. The port of Miseno was used first by the Greeks of Cuma and later by the Romans. The port complex, in fact, was already one of the ports of call for Cumaean ships in the years in which the ancient colony of Magna Graecia (Kyme - Cuma) dominated the entire coast that extended from Punta Campanella on the Sorrento peninsula to Gaeta.
- The lakes, Fusaro, Lucrino and Miseno are coastal lagoons behind the dunes, therefore they are characterized by brackish waters and are separated from the sea by thin strips of land. For Lake Miseno, the goals provide for the re-functionalization of the reclamation systems of the banks of the Miseno through the removal of the materials accumulated there, the improvement of water exchanges, essential to guarantee the balance of the sea-lake ecosystem through the removal and disposal of sandy materials transported by the wave motion and accumulated both in the riverbed of the mouths and in the areas in front of the outlets into the sea.
- Yourcase landuse1.jpg
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Cultural and spatial typologies of water areas
- Which spatial patterns have evolved in relation to your water areas?
- What is the role of water areas within the overall urban morphology? (approx 200 signs)
- add 1-2 graphical representations to the image gallery, you can add more if you like
- Yourcase water space1.jpg
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- Yourcase water space2.jpg
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- Yourcase water space3.jpg
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Sacred spaces and heritage
Thanks to its long history, we have several masterpiece and archaeological traces of the past civilizations.
- Piscina Mirabilis. The Piscina Mirabilis is the largest known Roman drinking water cistern in the world, built for the water supply of the Miseno fleet. The light effects created by the openings in the vault make the interior of the cistern a suggestive place and indeed "mirabilis", as the great Tuscan poet Francesco Petrarca called it.
- Grotta della Dragonara.In addition to the Piscina Mirabilis in Bacoli, there is another imposing Roman cistern, the so-called Grotta della Dragonara: completely excavated inside the tuff rock and the Miseno mountain, with water that flows from a thermal spring, the structure can now be visited thanks to an iron walkway. Used as a refuge, deposit and landfill in the 900s, in the past it was to serve the Maritime villa which belonged to Lucullus (in which, according to Tacitus, the emperor Tiberius died) there from which the annexed fish farm descend into the sea.
- Capo Miseno Lighthouse.Thanks to its strategic position, the Miseno lighthouse illuminates the Gulf of Pozzuoli and the Procida channel. The lighthouse has been standing since the early 1800s. Built with the aim of making visible the passage through one of the busiest channels in our peninsula. Later on, to ensure greater safety when traveling at sea, the Inspectorate of Lighthouses and Maritime Signaling was born, based in Naples within the arsenal. In 1943, towards the end of the Second World War, the lighthouse was hit and razed to the ground by German aerial bombardments. It was entirely rebuilt in 1948, so what we see today is not the original lighthouse, but a more modern version of it.
- You may add a map and some images, please also explain in your caption why these elements are valuable
- Your case sacredspace1.jpg
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- Your case sacredspace2.jpg
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Visual appearance and landscape narrative
- Which elements are essential for the landscape character?
- Has the landscape been painted or otherwise depicted, when and whom? Which elements are essential?
- Which narratives exist? Who has written about this landscape or depicted it in some way?
- You can add text and images
- Your case character1.jpg
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- Your case character2.jpg
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- Your case character3.jpg
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Water and People
Accessibility and usability
- Where are your water areas accessible, and where not? How strong are spatial obstacles preventing access?
- Who is using the spaces and how?
- Yourcase youraccessbilitymap.jpg
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- Yourcase usepatterns.jpg
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Community Mapping
What is to be mapped here?
- Social groups from within the community, for example the youth, kids, students, parents, the retired etc. Typically, these groups have specific needs, which you can also make explicit on the map. These people might not be organized in any way, but they are usually present in the context you are observing
- Local stakeholder groups: these groups are organized in one or the other way. They only exist within the community context you are observing. For example: the local community center, local churches, local interest groups, the landowners, small businesses and retailers
- External stakeholder groups are not necessarily present in the environment you are observing, but they may have strong stakes and interests. These can be local authorities, politicians, associations, care services etc.
- For each group, you may identify their needs, objectives, power and capacities
- You may also identify gaps and power conflicts
- Please try to redepict these elements in an integrated way and in relation to your water landscape. What is the relationship between these groups? Are they close or distanced from each other? Who is more powerful? Which voices are hardly heard? Do they have any shared concerns?
- Your case your community map1.jpg
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- Your case your community map2.jpg
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- Your case your community map3.jpg
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Possible Futures
- You can summarize your findings with a SWOT diagram and a DPSI(R) Model
- Link back to the Sustainable Development Goals: Which goals are at risk?
- What is your worst case scenario for this landscape?
- What is your best case scenario for this landscape?
- Present your scenarios in the form of a collage or sketch
- Add text and visuals
- Your case your spider diagram or dpsir model.jpg
explain your analysis briefly in the caption
- Your case yourworstcase visual.jpg
explain your worst case scenario briefly in the caption
- Your case yourbestcase visual.jpg
explain your best case scenario briefly in the caption
Collaborative Goal Setting
- Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings from your analysis
- Ideally, involve the community of your living labs into this process
- Link back to your original targets from section one and the Development Goals
- 150 words text contribution
Spatial Strategy and Transect
- translate your strategic goals into a vision
- develop a spatial translation of your vision
- exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions
- add map(s) and visualizations
- Your case spatial translaton vision.jpg
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- Your case transect.jpg
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- Your case transect detail1.jpg
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- Your case transect detail2.jpg
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From Theory of Change to Implementation
- For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?
- Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline
- Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?
- add 150 words text and visuals
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References
- give a full list of the references you have used for your case
Process Reflection
- Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study
- Which limitations were you facing?
- What have you learnt from each other?
- What did you learn in the Living Labs?
- What would you do differently next time?
- You can also use diagrams/visuals
- 250 words text